Directed and Intrusive Surveillance Authorisation

Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000, s.28 and s.32

Warrant: No
Force: Yes
Notice: No

RIPA 2000 provides the statutory framework for authorisation of directed surveillance (observation in public places) and intrusive surveillance (surveillance in residential premises or private vehicles). Directed surveillance requires a superintendent's authorisation; intrusive surveillance requires a senior authorising officer and is subject to approval by an IPC.

Conditions

Directed surveillance (s.28): superintendent authorisation. For preventing or detecting crime or preventing public disorder
Intrusive surveillance (s.32): senior authorising officer (chief constable or equivalent). For serious crime or national security
Both must be necessary and proportionate

Limitations

RIPA does not itself authorise entry: Police Act 1997 s.93 is required for covert entry
IPC oversight applies to intrusive surveillance
Surveillance of legally privileged communications requires enhanced safeguards

Last updated 1 April 2026